The Series
All ten stages, in order. Start anywhere.
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From ‘Us’ to ‘Them’: Classification in Darfur
Three witnesses (a fighter in the Jebel Marra, a poet on the TEDMED stage, a…
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Threads of Resistance: Symbolization in the Cambodian Genocide
How the Khmer Rouge turned the krama into a marker for death, and how Cambodians…
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In Darkness and Separation: Women, the Hazara, and Discrimination in Afghanistan
The Hazara face relentless, systematic attacks under Taliban rule. Women’s rights regress to repression and…
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“Like Moths to a Flame”: Dehumanization in the Rwandan Genocide
How propaganda and radio taught neighbors to see Tutsi as less than human, told through…
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The Architecture of Annihilation: Organized Genocide in Myanmar
The fifth stage, organization, seen through the machinery of the Rohingya genocide in Myanmar. Eyewitness…
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Splintered Lines: Polarization and Division in the Bosnian Genocide
‘My youngest boy… those little hands. I imagine them picking strawberries, holding books, going to…
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Before Dawn, By Design: Preparation and Process in the Holocaust
The seventh stage of genocide, preparation, is explored through the lens of the Holocaust, and…
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Human Quotas: Persecution and Consumption in the Genocide of Xinjiang’s Uyghurs
Persecution of the Uyghurs, from camp survivors’ testimony to the forced-labor supply chains that end…
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“It Ends Like This”: Extermination and Denial in Armenia and Beyond
The final Ten Stages installment: extermination and denial, from the 1921 Tehlirian trial to Artsakh,…
“Genocide is a process that develops in ten stages that are predictable but not inexorable. At each stage, preventive measures can stop it. The process is not linear. Stages occur simultaneously. Each stage is itself a process.”
Gregory Stanton · Ten Stages of Genocide
What is Ten Stages of Change?
Ten Stages of Change is a genocide education project built over three years by Joshua Bicknell, a curriculum developer and former classroom teacher who specializes in Holocaust and genocide education.
Each stage of Gregory Stanton’s framework is told through one case study and the people who lived it: eyewitnesses, survivors, bystanders, and perpetrators. Each one is drawn from testimony, letters, and historical records.
Included in the Philadelphia Holocaust Remembrance Foundation’s Educator Resources · Cited in the New York State Archives’ Consider the Source
Recognize the warning signs.
Students grew up with answers a click away, but without much training in deciphering good information from bad. At the same time, antisemitism, conspiracy theories, Holocaust distortion, and denial continue to rise, along with false equivalence and the trivialization of genocide.
Questions, permissions or school licensing? Write to learning@stagesofchange.org or use the contact form.